Impacts of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) from social networks sites (SNS) on the intention to purchase tourism accommodation of Gen Z in Vietnam
Nguyen Phi Long
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2022M3884
Citation: Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Research in Management & Technovation, Viet Ha Hoang, Vijender Kumar Solanki, Nguyen Thi Hong Nga, Shivani Agarwal (eds). ACSIS, Vol. 34, pages 139–149 (2022)
Abstract. Social networking sites (SNSs) have been playing a significant role in spreading electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) amongst gen Z tourists in Vietnam recently. However, the underlying process by which customer-to-customer (C2C) eWOM from SNSs affects tourism consumers has not been fully studied. The author of this paper introduces a comprehensive research model that concentrates on the impacts of C2C eWOM using the information/ persuasion relationship as regards to the intention to make purchases. This research gathered data from 382 Vietnamese participants through traditional paper questionnaires. The collected quantitative data was processed through SPSS. The statistical results suggest that perceived persuasiveness, perceived expertise, and perceived trustworthiness are a positive relationship with eWOM usefulness from SNSs. Also, eWOM usefulness was confirmed to increase the probability of eWOM adoption, which, in turn, can boost the purchase intention toward the tourism accommodations proposed in the eWOM. This empirical study can enable marketers to gain an in-depth understanding of the impacts of eWOM from SNSs, especially from key opinion leaders (KOLs), on consumer purchase behaviour of tourism products. Accordingly, our findings can inspire marketers to plan and execute effective SNSs marketing campaigns to generate trustworthy and useful C2C eWOM, thus, increasing the intention to purchase tourism accommodations
References
- Lee, K. Y., & Choi, H. (2019). Predictors of electronic word-of-mouth behavior on social networking sites in the United States and Korea: Cultural and social relationship variables. Computers in Human Behaviour, 94, 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.025
- Liu, Z., Lei, S.-H., Guo, Y.-L., & Zhou, Z.-A. (2020). The interaction effect of online review language style and product type on consumers’ purchase intentions. Palgrave Communications, 6(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0387-6
- Outbox. (2021, April 20). Stay stunned for insight snapshot Vietnamese travel behaviors - summer 2021. Outbox. http://outbox-consulting.com/stay-stuned-for-insight-snapshot-vietnamese-travel-behaviors-summer-2021.html
- Dimitriou, C. K., & AbouElgheit, E. (2019). Understanding generation Z’s travel social decision-making. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 25(2), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.25.2.4
- Kastenholz, C. (2021, May 17). Gen Z And the Rise Of Social Commerce. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2021/05/17/gen-z-and-the-rise-of-social-commerce/?sh=5a0b84251d0d
- de Vries, L., Gensler, S., & Leeflang, P. S. H. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2012.01.003
- Libai, B., Bolton, R., Bügel, M. S., de Ruyter, K., Götz, O., Risselada, H., & Stephen, A. T. (2010). Customer-to-customer interactions: Broadening the scope of word-of-mouth research. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375600
- Mikalef, P., Pateli, A., & Giannakos, M. (2013). Why are users of social media inclined to word-of-mouth? In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (pp. 112–123). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
- Barreto, A. M. (2014). The word-of-mouth phenomenon in the social media era. International Journal of Market Research, 56(5), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2014-043
- Sweeney, J., Payne, A., Frow, P., & Liu, D. (2020). Customer advocacy: A distinctive form of word of mouth. Journal of Service Research, 23(2), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670519900541
- Chen, Y.-L., Tang, K., Wu, C.-C., & Jheng, R.-Y. (2014). Predicting the influence of users’ posted information for eWOM advertising in social networks. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 13(6), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2014.10.001
- Wang, X., Yu, C., & Wei, Y. (2012). Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(4), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2011.11.004
- Mayrhofer, M., Matthes, J., Einwiller, S., & Naderer, B. (2020). User generated content presenting brands on social media increases young adults’ purchase intention. International Journal of Advertising, 39(1), 166–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1596447
- Vargo, C., Gangadharbatla, H., & Hopp, T. (2019). eWOM across channels: comparing the impact of self-enhancement, positivity bias and vengeance on Facebook and Twitter. International Journal of Advertising, 38(8), 1153–1172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1593720
- Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2018). A retrospective view of electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2016-0461
- Taherdoost, H. (2018). A review of technology acceptance and adoption models and theories. Procedia Manufacturing, 22, 960–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.137
- Sánchez Torres, J. A., Arroyo-Cañada, F.-J., Solé-Moro, M.-L., & Argila-Irurita, A. (2018). Impact of gender on the acceptance of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) information in Spain. Contaduría y Administración, 63(4), 61. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1428
- Wang, S., Cunningham, N. R., & Eastin, M. S. (2015). The impact of eWOM message characteristics on the perceived effectiveness of online consumer reviews. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 15(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2015.1091755
- Djafarova, E., & Bowes, T. (2021). ‘Instagram made Me buy it’: Generation Z impulse purchases in fashion industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59(102345), 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102345
- Boateng, S. L. (2021). Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and makeup purchase intention among Gen-Z females: The serial mediating effect of brand image and brand integrity. International journal of customer relationship marketing and management, 12(2), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2021040102
- Liu, J., Wang, C., Zhang, T. (christina), & Qiao, H. (2022). Delineating the effects of social media marketing activities on generation Z travel behaviors. Journal of Travel Research, 004728752211063. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221106394
- zinSong, B. L., Liew, C. Y., Sia, J. Y., & Gopal, K. (2021). Electronic word-of-mouth in travel social networking sites and young consumers’ purchase intentions: an extended information adoption model. Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 22(4), 521–538. https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-03-2021-1288
- Zinko, R., Patrick, A., Furner, C. P., Gaines, S., Kim, M. D., Negri, M., Orellana, E., Torres, S., & Villarreal, C. (2021). Responding to negative electronic word of mouth to improve purchase intention. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(6), 1945–1959. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16060109
- Sussman, S. W., & Siegal, W. S. (2003). Informational influence in organizations: An integrated approach to knowledge adoption. Information Systems Research : ISR, 14(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.1.47.14767
- Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and Persuasion. Springer New York.
- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
- Dedeoglu, B. B. (2019). Are information quality and source credibility really important for shared content on social media?: The moderating role of gender. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 513–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2017-0691
- Cheung, C. M. K., Lee, M. K. O., & Rabjohn, N. (2008). The impact of electronic word‐of‐mouth: The adoption of online opinions in online customer communities. Internet Research, 18(3), 229–247. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240810883290
- Alhammad, M. M., & Gulliver, S. R. (2014). Persuasive technology and users acceptance of E-commerce: Users perceptions of website persuasiveness. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 12(2), 1–13. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/iggjeco00/v_3a12_3ay_3a2014_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a1-13.htm
- Drozd, F., Bergsund, H. B., Hammerstrøm, K. T., Hansen, M. B., & Jacobsen, H. (2018). A systematic review of courses, training, and interventions for adoptive parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(2), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0901-7
- Pentina, I., Bailey, A. A., & Zhang, L. (2018). Exploring effects of source similarity, message valence, and receiver regulatory focus on yelp review persuasiveness and purchase intentions. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(2), 125–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2015.1005115
- Cassar, M. L., Caruana, A., Konietzny, J., & Chohan, R. (2019). The effect of narrative believability on persuasiveness and purchase intention: An abstract. In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science (pp. 657–657). Springer International Publishing.
- Schreiner, C., Appel, M., Isberner, M.-B., & Richter, T. (2018). Argument strength and the persuasiveness of stories. Discourse Processes, 55(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2016.1257406
- gBench-Capon, T., Atkinson, K., & Chorley, A. (2005). Persuasion and Value in Legal Argument. Journal of Logic and Computation, 15(6), 1075–1097. https://doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exi058
- Gunawan, D. D., & Huarng, K.-H. (2015). Viral effects of social network and media on consumers’ purchase intention. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2237–2241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.004
- Huang, A. H., Chen, K., Yen, D. C., & Tran, T. P. (2015). A study of factors that contribute to online review helpfulness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.010
- Fischhoff, B. (1977). Perceived informativeness of facts. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 3(2), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.3.2.349
- lRacherla, P., Mandviwalla, M., & Connolly, D. J. (2012). Factors affecting consumers’ trust in online product reviews: Consumer trust in online product reviews. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11(2), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.385
- Lee, E.-J., & Shin, S. Y. (2014). When do consumers buy online product reviews? Effects of review quality, product type, and reviewer’s photo. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 356–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.050
- Haridasan, A., Fernando, A. G., & Saju, B. (2021). A systematic review of consumer information search in online and offline environments. RAUSP Management Journal, 56(2), 234–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/rausp-08-2019-0174
- Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Gwizdka, J., & Trace, C. B. (2019). Consumer evaluation of the quality of online health information: Systematic literature review of relevant criteria and indicators. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(5), e12522. https://doi.org/10.2196/12522
- khaRani, A., & Shivaprasad, H. N. (2019). Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) strategies to manage innovation and digital business model. In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development (pp. 41–63). IGI Global.
- Davis, A., & Khazanchi, D. (2008). An empirical study of online word of mouth as a predictor for multi-product category e-commerce sales. Electronic Markets, 18(2), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/10196780802044776
- Fu, X., Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Zhang, B., Xie, Q., Xiao, L., & Che, Y. (2011). Impact of quantity and timeliness of EWOM information on consumer’s online purchase intention under C2C environment. Asian Journal of Business Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.110010
- Ho Nguyen, H., Nguyen-Viet, B., Hoang Nguyen, Y. T., & Hoang Le, T. (2022). Understanding online purchase intention: the mediating role of attitude towards advertising. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2095950
- Arora, T., & Agarwal, B. (2019). Empirical study on perceived value and attitude of millennials towards social media advertising: A structural equation modelling approach. Vision The Journal of Business Perspective, 23(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262918821248
- Wang, P. (2015). Exploring the influence of electronic word-of-mouth on tourists’ visit intention: A dual process approach. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 17(4), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsit-04-2015-0027
- Gotlieb, J. B., & Sarel, D. (1991). Comparative advertising effectiveness: The role of involvement and source credibility. Journal of Advertising, 20(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1991.10673205
- Brown, J., Broderick, A. J., & Lee, N. (2007). Word of mouth communication within online communities: Conceptualizing the online social network. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(3), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20082
- Mackiewicz, J. (2010). Assertions of expertise in online product reviews. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 24(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651909346929
- Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978). Salience, attention, and attribution: Top of the head phenomena. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 249–288). Elsevier.
- McCracken, G. (1989). Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process. The Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 310. https://doi.org/10.1086/209217
- Metzger, M. J., Flanagin, A. J., & Medders, R. B. (2010). Social and heuristic approaches to credibility evaluation online. The Journal of Communication, 60(3), 413–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01488.x
- O’Reilly, K., MacMillan, A., Mumuni, A. G., & Lancendorfer, K. M. (2016). Extending our understanding of eWOM impact: The role of source credibility and message relevance. Journal of Internet Commerce, 15(2), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2016.1143215
- Girish, Park, E., & Lee, C.-K. (2021). Testing the influence of destination source credibility, destination image, and destination fascination on the decision‐making process: Case of the Cayman Islands. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(4), 569–580. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2427
- Teng, S., Wei Khong, K., Wei Goh, W., & Yee Loong Chong, A. (2014). Examining the antecedents of persuasive eWOM messages in social media. Online Information Review, 38(6), 746–768. https://doi.org/10.1108/oir-04-2014-0089
- Houmb, S. H., Ray, I., & Ray, I. (2006). Estimating the relative trustworthiness of information sources in security solution evaluation. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (pp. 135–149). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
- Kalafatis, S. P., Riley, D., Tsogas, M. H., & Clodine-Florent, J. (2012). The effects of source credibility and message variation on mail survey response behaviour. International Journal of Market Research, 54(3), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-54-3-391-406
- Li, C.-Y. (2015). The effects of source credibility and argument quality on employees’ responses toward information system usage. Asia Pacific Management Review, 20(2), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2014.12.003
- Kang, J.-W., & Namkung, Y. (2019). The information quality and source credibility matter in customers’ evaluation toward food O2O commerce. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 78, 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.011
- Fang, Y.-H. (2014). Beyond the credibility of electronic word of mouth: Exploring eWOM adoption on social networking sites from affective and curiosity perspectives. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 18(3), 67–102. https://doi.org/10.2753/jec1086-4415180303
- Kawakami, T., & Parry, M. E. (2013). The impact of word of mouth sources on the perceived usefulness of an innovation: Word-of-mouth and information credibility. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(6), 1112–1127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12049
- Kim, K. K., & Prabhakar, B. (2004). Initial trust and the adoption of B2C e-commerce: The case of internet banking. ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 35(2), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1145/1007965.1007970
- Zhu, D. H., Chang, Y. P., & Luo, J. J. (2016). Understanding the influence of C2C communication on purchase decision in online communities from a perspective of information adoption model. Telematics and Informatics, 33(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.06.001
- Ngarmwongnoi, C., Oliveira, J. S., AbedRabbo, M., & Mousavi, S. (2020). The implications of eWOM adoption on the customer journey. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 37(7), 749–759. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2019-3450
- Pousttchi, K., & Wiedemann, D. G. (2007). Success Factors in Mobile Viral Marketing: A Multi-Case Study Approach. International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (ICMB 2007), 34–34.
- Sardar, A., Manzoor, A., Shaikh, K. A., & Ali, L. (2021). An empirical examination of the impact of eWom information on young consumers’ online purchase intention: Mediating role of eWom information adoption. SAGE Open, 11(4), 215824402110525. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211052547
- Teng, S., Khong, K. W., Chong, A. Y. L., & Lin, B. (2017). Persuasive electronic word-of-mouth messages in social media. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 57(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1181501
- Yoo, C. W., Lee, J., Yoo, C., & Xiao, N. (2021). Coping behaviors in short message service (SMS)-based disaster alert systems: From the lens of protection motivation theory as elaboration likelihood. Information & Management, 58(4), 103454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103454
- Zhang, K. Z. K., Zhao, S. J., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, M. K. O. (2014). Examining the influence of online reviews on consumers’ decision-making: A heuristic–systematic model. Decision Support Systems, 67, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2014.08.005
- Joshi, K. D., Sarker, S., & Sarker, S. (2007). Knowledge transfer within information systems development teams: Examining the role of knowledge source attributes. Decision Support Systems, 43(2), 322–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.10.003
- Zeng, C. F., & Seock, Y.-K. (2019). Chinese consumers’ perceptions toward social media platform for shopping and eWOM intention: a study of WeChat. International Journal of Fashion Design Technology and Education, 12(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2019.1572230
- Moslehpour, M., Dadvari, A., Nugroho, W., & Do, B.-R. (2020). The dynamic stimulus of social media marketing on purchase intention of Indonesian airline products and services. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(2), 561–583. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjml-07-2019-0442
- Ghazisaeedi, M., Steyn, P. G., & Van Heerden, G. (2012). Trustworthiness of product review blogs: A source trustworthiness scale validation. African Journal of Business Management. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM12.079
- Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191
- Chang, Y., Dong, X., & Sun, W. (2014). Influence of characteristics of the Internet of Things on consumer purchase intention. Social Behaviour and Personality, 42(2), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.2.321
- Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378802500207
- Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). The Assessment of Reliability. Psychometric Theory, 3, pp. 248-292.
- Straub, D. W. (1989). Validating Instruments in MIS Research. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 13(2), 147. https://doi.org/10.2307/248922
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
- Hoyle, R. H. (Ed.). (1995). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Sage Publications, Inc.
- Tien, D. H., Amaya Rivas, A. A., & Liao, Y.-K. (2019). Examining the influence of customer-to-customer electronic word-of-mouth on purchase intention in social networking sites. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(3), 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.06.003
- Lee, J., Park, D.-H., & Han, I. (2008). The effect of negative online consumer reviews on product attitude: An information processing view. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(3), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.05.004
- Li, C.-Y. (2016). Why do online consumers experience information overload? An extension of communication theory. Journal of Information Science, 43(6), 835–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551516670096
- Finneman, B. (2020, August 4). Meet Generation Z: Shaping the future of shopping. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/meet-generation-z-shaping-the-future-of-shopping
- Lee, Z. W. Y., Cheung, C. M. K., & Thadani, D. R. (2012). An investigation into the problematic use of Facebook. 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1768–1776.
- Shan, Y. (2016). How credible are online product reviews? The effects of self-generated and system-generated cues on source credibility evaluation. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.013
- Walther, J. B., & Jang, J.-W. (2012). Communication processes in participatory websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication: JCMC, 18(1), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01592.x
- Tran, K. (2022, June 22). Trust isn’t everything when it comes to Gen Z news consumption. Morning Consult. https://morningconsult.com/2022/06/22/gen-z-trust-social-media-news-consumption/
- Asare, J. G. (2019, November 11). Dear Businesses: Generation Z Does Not Want To Hear “Please Hold.” Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/janicegassam/2019/11/11/dear-businesses-generation-z-does-not-want-to-hear-please-hold/?sh=612dda1e6b46
- Sijoria, C., Mukherjee, S., & Datta, B. (2018). Impact of the antecedents of eWOM on CBBE. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 36(5), 528–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/mip-10-2017-0221
- Albayrak, M., & Ceylan, C. (2021). Effect of eWom on purchase intention: meta-analysis. Data Technologies and Applications, 55(5), 810–840. https://doi.org/10.1108/dta-03-2020-0068