Key Factors Influencing Mobile Banking Adoption in Saudi Arabia
Amal Alzahrani, Natalia Beloff, Martin White
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2024F8633
Citation: Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems (FedCSIS), M. Bolanowski, M. Ganzha, L. Maciaszek, M. Paprzycki, D. Ślęzak (eds). ACSIS, Vol. 39, pages 531–536 (2024)
Abstract. The introduction of mobile banking has revolutionized traditional financial practices, enhancing efficiency, customer experiences, and business models globally. Despite these advancements, mobile banking adoption remains low in Saudi Arabia. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining the significance of factors that either drive or hinder adoption. We propose a novel model integrating factors from the DeLone and McLean (D\&M) model and factors from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model, complemented by additional factors. Quantitative data was collected through online questionnaire from a diverse sample of Saudi banking customers, supplemented by qualitative insights from customer interviews. Findings revealed that net benefits, compatibility, facilitating conditions, and trust positively influence adoption, while literacy levels and digital skills pose barriers. Our study offers a significant theoretical contribution by synthesizing multiple models and enriches understanding of mobile banking adoption, aiding future research and industry decision making.
References
- S. Raza, A. Umer, and N. Shah, “New determinants of ease of use and perceived usefulness for mobile banking adoption,” International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 11, pp. 44-65, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJECRM.2017.086751.
- M. Jobeilly, and M. Minawi, ‘‘Views On Digital Banking in KSA'’, Ipsos, 2021. Available at: https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2021-10/Views%20on%20Digital%20Banking%20in%20KSA.pdf.
- N. Qahoush, and O. Fahmy, ‘‘Digital Adoption during the Pandemic'', Ipsos, 2021. Available at: https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2021-05/Spotlight.Kuwait%20-%20Digital%20Adoption%20During%20Pandemic.pdf.
- A.A. Alawadhi, ‘‘Adoption and acceptance of m-banking system in Kingdom of Bahrain'', International Journal on Information and Communication Technology (IJoICT), vol. 3, no. 2, 2021.
- S. Al-Otaibi, N.R. Aljohani, M.R. Hoque, and F.S. Alotaibi, “The satisfaction of Saudi customers toward mobile banking in Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom,” Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 85– 103, 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.2018010105.
- A.M. Baabdullah, A.A. Alalwan, N.P. Rana, H. Kizgin, and P. Patil, “Consumer use of mobile banking (M-banking) in Saudi Arabia: Towards an integrated model,” International Journal of Information Management, vol. 44, pp. 38–52, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.002.
- W.H. DeLone and E.R. McLean, “The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten-year update,” Journal oManagement and Information Systems, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 9–30, 2003, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748.
- V. Venkatesh, M.G. Morris, G.B. Davis, and F.D. Davis, “User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view,” MIS Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 425–478, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540.
- Alzahrani, A., Beloff, N. and White, M. ‘IMMBA – An Integrative Model for Mobile Banking Adoption: The Case of Saudi Arabia’, 2021 3rd International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA), 2021, DOI: 10.1109/HORA52670.2021.9461290.
- A.A. Alalwan, Y.K. Dwivedi, N.P. P. Rana, and M.D. Williams, “Consumer adoption of mobile banking in Jordan: Examining the role of usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk and self-efficacy,” Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 118–139, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-04-2015-0035.
- Y.K. Dwivedi, N.P. Rana, A. Jeyaraj, M. Clement, and M.D. Williams, “Re-examining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT): Towards a Revised Theoretical Model,” Information Systems Frontiers, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 719–734, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9774-y.
- N.S. Alshamrani, Trust as an influencer of the intention to use mobile banking smartphone application in Saudi Arabia. Doctoral thesis (PhD), Metropolitan University, United Kingdom. 2018.
- Y. Chetioui, H. Lebdaoui, and N. Hafid, “Mobile banking usage in the post pandemic era: Demystifying the disparities among divergent user segments in a majority-Muslim country’’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2023, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2022-0032.
- O. Bouhlel, K. Garrouch, and M. Nabil, “Assessing the Success of Mobile Banking in Saudi Arabia: Re-Specification and Validation of the DeLone and McLean Model,” International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-24, 2023, DO: 10.4018/IJESMA.318088.
- T. Zhou, “An empirical examination of continuance intention of mobile payment services,” Decision Support Systems, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1085–1091, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.10.034.
- M.O. Mansour, “Acceptance of mobile banking in Islamic banks: integration of DeLone and McLean IS model and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology,” International Journal of Business Excellence, vol. 21, no. 4, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2019.10021858.
- Y.S. Wang, Y.M. Wang, H.H. Lin, and T.I. Tang, “Determinants of user acceptance of Internet banking: An empirical study,” International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 501–519, 2003, https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230310500192.
- M. Merhi, K. Hone, A. Tarhini, “Cross-cultural study of the intention to use mobile banking between Lebanese and British consumers: Extending UTAUT2 with security, privacy and trust,” Technology in Society, vol. 59, pp. 101-151, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101151.
- Y. Köksal and S. Penez, “An investigation of the important factors influence web trust in online shopping,” Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 6, no, 1, pp. 28-40. 2015.
- D. Gefen, E. Karahanna, and D. W. Straub, “Trust and tam in online shopping: AN integrated model,” MIS Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 51–90, 2003, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30036519.
- S.K. Sharma and M. Sharma, “Examining the role of trust and quality dimensions in the actual usage of mobile banking services: An empirical investigation,” International Journal of Information Management, vol. 44, October 2018, pp. 65–75, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.013.
- M. Al-Husein, and M.A. Sadi, “Preference on the perception of mobile banking: A Saudi Arabian perspective’’, European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 161, 2015.
- M. Mansour, “Acceptance of Mobile Banking in Islamic Banks: Integration of DeLone & McLean IS model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology,” International Journal of Business Excellence, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2019.10021858.
- M. El-Masri and A. Tarhini, “Erratum to: Factors affecting the adoption of e-learning systems in Qatar and USA: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2),” Educational Technology Research and Development, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 765–767, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9526-1.
- M.S. Sohail and I.M. Al-Jabri, “Attitudes towards mobile banking: Are there any differences between users and non-users?” Behaviour and Information Technology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 335–344, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.763861.
- D. Chen, B. Vallespir, and N. Daclin, “An approach for enterprise interoperability measurement,” CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 341, pp. 1–12, 2008.
- M.S. Alzaidi, “Exploring the Determinants of Mobile Banking Adoption in the Context of Saudi Arabia,” International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM), vol. 3, no. 1, 2022, http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/IJCRMM.289206.
- Y. K. Dwivedi, K. K. Kapoor, M. D. Williams, and J. Williams, “RFID systems in libraries: An empirical examination of factors affecting system use and user satisfaction,” International Journal of Information Management., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 367–377, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.10.008.
- S. Laforet and X. Li, “Consumers’ attitudes towards online and mobile banking in China,” International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 362–380, 2005, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652320510629250.
- C. Tam and T. Oliveira, “Understanding mobile banking individual performance: The DeLone & McLean model and the moderating effects of individual culture,” Internet Research, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 538–562, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2016-0117.
- P. Oppong and H. Adjei, “The Role of Information Technology in Building Customer Loyalty in Banking: (a Case Study of Agricultural Development Bank Ltd., Sunyani),” British Journal of Marketing Studies, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 9–29, 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31181.46561.
- J. Lee, J. Lee, and L. Feick, “The impact of switching costs on the customer satisfaction-loyalty link: Mobile phone service in France,” Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 35–48, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040110381463.
- Wang, S. Factors Impacting the Uptake of Mobile Banking in China: Integrating UTAUT, TTF and ECM Models. PhD thesis, Manchester University, United Kingdom, 2018.
- Z. Saleem, K. and Rashid, “Relationship between customer satisfaction and mobile banking adoption in Pakistan,” International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, vol. 2, no.6, 2011, pp- 537-544, http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2011.V2.162.
- N. Urbach and B. Müller, “The updated Delone and Mclean model of information systems success'', in Dwivedi, Y.K., Wade, M.R. and Schneberger, S.L. (Eds.),” Information systems theory: Explaining and predicting our digital society, vol. 28, pp. 1–18, 2012, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_1.
- H.B Abdennebi, “M-banking adoption from the developing countries perspective: A mediated model,” Digital Business, vol. 3, no. 2, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2023.100065.
- J.F. Hair, W.C. Black, B.J. Babin, and R.E. Anderson, Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. New Jersey. Pearson Education Inc, 2010.
- L. Hu, and P.M. Bentler, “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives,” Structural Equation Modelling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, pp. 1–55, 1999, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
- L. Klem, “Structural equation modelling. In Grimm L.G. & Yarnold P.R. (Eds.), Reading and understanding MORE multivariate statistics,” American Psychological Association, pp. 227–260, 2000.
- C. Hulin, R. Netemeyer, and R. Cudeck, “Can a Reliability Coefficient Be Too High?,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10, pp. 55-58, 2001, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1480474.
- J. Henseler, C.M. Ringle, and M, Sarstedt, “A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modelling,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, pp. 115–135, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.
- M.S. Shahbaz, A.F. Chandio, M. Oad, A. Ahmed, R. Ullah, “Stakeholders’ management approaches in construction supply chain: a new perspective of stakeholder’s theory”, International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 16–25, 2018, http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2018.09.02.002.