Position Papers of the 21st Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems (FedCSIS)

Dear it is our pleasure to present to you the Position Papers of the 21th Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems (FedCSIS 2026), which took place on 23-26 August, 2026, in Riga, Latvia.

Position papers comprise two categories of contributions -- challenge papers and emerging research papers. Challenge papers propose and describe research challenges in theory, or practice, of computer science and intelligence systems. Papers in this category are based on deep understanding of existing research or industrial problems. Based on such understanding and experience, they define new exciting research directions and show why these directions are crucial to the society at large. Emerging research papers present preliminary research results from work-in-progress, based on sound scientific approach but presenting work not completely validated as yet. They describe precisely the research problem and its rationale. They also define the intended future work including the expected benefits from solution to the tackled problem. Subsequently, they may be more conceptual than experimental.

FedCSIS 2026 was chaired by Oksana Nikiforova. Moreover, Andrejs Romānovs was the Chair of the Organizing Committee. Furthermore, this year, FedCSIS was organized by the Polish Information Processing Society (Mazovia Chapter), IEEE Poland Section Computer Society Chapter, Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science of the Warsaw University of Technology, The Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Rzeszów University of Technology, The Faculty of Electrical Engineering af the Riga Technical University and The Faculty of Engineering and Management of the University of Technology and Arts in Applied Sciences.

FedCSIS 2026 was technically co-sponsored by IEEE Poland Section, IEEE Serbia and Montenegro Section, IEEE Estonia Section, IEEE Latvia Section, IEEE Lithuania Section, IEEE South Africa Section, Serbia and Montenegro Section Computational Intelligence Society Chapter, IEEE Young Professionals Affinity Group, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, IEEE Romania Section WIE Affinity Group, Czechoslovakia Section Computer Society Chapter, Poland Section Computer Society (Gdańsk) Chapter, Estonia Section Computer Society Chapter, Latvia Section Computer Society Chapter, Lithuania Section Computer Society Chapter,

FedCSIS 2026 was sponsored by InfoSoftware Polska as well as MDPI Information, MDPI Electronics, MDPI Technologies, MDPI Applied Sciences journals. Moreover, FedCSIS 2026 has been conducted under patronages of: INFORMS Poland Chapter, Latvian Information and communications technology association (LIKTA), Naukowe Towarzystwo Informatyki Ekonomicznej, International Rough Set Society, Web Intelligence Consortium, Polish Neural Network Society, European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology, Polish Artificial Intelligence Society (PSSI). Finally, media patronage was provided by Forum Akademickie.

During FedCSIS 2026 four keynote speakers delivered lectures providing a broader context for the conference participants. These presentations were:

• Ginter, Filip, TurkuNLP, Department of Computing University of Turku, Finland and ELLIS Institute, Finland
  Keynote title: The Challenges of Tracing Meaning at Scale across Multilingual Historical Texts
• Pechenizkiy, Mykola, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
  Keynote title: Advancing the Science of Safe and Trustworthy AI Evaluation
• Prodan, Radu, Edge AI at the Department of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria
  Keynote title: Distribute and Learn 1 Billion
• Sabou, Marta, Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Austria
  Keynote title: Neuro-Symbolic Knowledge Engineering: Emerging Paradigms and Challenges

Moreover, four past FedCSIS keynote speakers have been invited to prepare and deliver special contributions, which refer to the core focus of the conference series. These were:

• Atiquzzaman, Mohammed, School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, USA
  EnsembleClassifier: Using Machine Learning to Select Exact Packet Classification Structures for Partitioned Rule Subsets
• Blum, Christian, Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC), Spain
  Contribution title:Preserving Optimization Algorithm Expertise by means of Executable Algorithm Knowledge Graphs: A Worked Example on the TSP
• Skowron, Andrzej, Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
  Contribution title:Evolution of Approximation Spaces in Rough Sets: From Relational Systems to Complex Adaptive Systems
• van der Aalst, Wil M.P., RWTH Aachen University, Germany
  Contribution title: Mining Bureaucracy Debt: Process Intelligence for Evidence-Based Deregulation

At the time, when you are reading this text, videos of the keynote presentations and of invited contributions, delivered during the FedCSIS 2026 conference, are already available on the official conference website (www.fedcsis.org). We warmly encourage you to visit the website and watch these recordings to gain additional insights and perspectives shared by distinguished speakers.

This year, the structure of the conference remained the same as last year. FedCSIS 2026 had a single Main Track with 5 Topical Areas, which was supported by 16 Thematic Sessions and an Industrial Track. Such a structure emphasizes the integrity of the conference and its closeness to the issues that are crucial for the world around us. Here, we recognize the fact that today (in 2026) it is difficult to envision research (and its applications) without an intelligence component. Reflecting this, all five Topical Areas, which constitute the Main Track, represent various aspects of Intelligence Systems. Moreover, the Thematic Sessions provide further insights into selected areas of Intelligence Systems, approached from different perspectives.

Articles are ordered alphabetically by the last name of the first author. The specific Topical Area or Thematic Session that given contribution was associated with is listed in the article metadata. Each contribution, found in this volume, was refereed by at least two referees.

Delivery of FedCSIS 2026 required a dedicated effort of many people. We would like to express our warmest gratitude to all Topical Area Curators, Thematic Session organizers, members of the FedCSIS 2026 Senior Program Committee, and members of the FedCSIS 2026 Program Committee (a total of more than 300 individuals), for their hard work in attracting and reviewing all submissions. We thank the authors of papers for their great contribution to the theory and practice of Computer Science and Intelligence Systems. We are grateful to Keynote and Invited Speakers for sharing their knowledge and experiences with the participants. Last, but not least, we acknowledge Andrejs Romānovs, Megija Krista Miļūne, Rihards Bobkovs, Uldis Karlovs-Karlovskis, Kristaps Babris, Veronika Tatjana Vucāne, Zane Bičevska Anastasiya Danilenka and Paweł Szmeja, as well as a fantastic group of student helpers. We are very grateful for your efforts!

We also hope to meet you again for the 22nd Conference on Computer Science and Intelligence Systems (FedCSIS 2027), which will take place in Gdynia, Poland, on September 12-15, 2027.